India has 105 operational (21,214 hectares) and another 631 Special Economic Zones (SEZs) under various stages of approval (see DTZ report on ‘SEZs in India’ June 2010). These zones are the only tax havens in India after the likely expiry of STPI/EOU scheme in March 2011 and have seen healthy interest from occupiers as well as developers. The new Direct Taxes Code (DTC 2010) bill, proposes to alter the tax framework of SEZs.
Real estate markets are inherently vulnerable to prolonged periods where prices deviate from their fundamental value. The features that contribute to this deviation are imperfect information, suboptimal financial markets and supply rigidities. Imperfect information causes buyers to either overestimate or underestimate the fundamental value of real estate assets.
Building byelaws and regulations differ from states to state and even city to city. However, it invariably turns out that property buyers are required to pay for construction that falls in FSI-free areas – areas of congregation, passage and general convenience.